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hoop rolling
Hoop rolling, also called hoop trundling, is both a sport and a child's game in which a large hoop is rolled along the ground, generally by means of an object wielded by the player. The aim of the game is to keep the hoop upright for long periods of time or to do various tricks.
Hoop rolling has been documented since antiquity in Africa, Asia and Europe. Played as a target game it is an ancient tradition widely dispersed among different societies. In Asia, the earliest records date from Ancient China, and in Europe from Ancient Greece.
In the West, the most common materials for the equipment have been wood and metal. Wooden hoops, driven with a stick about one foot long, are struck with the centre or the 2/3 point of the stick in order to ensure good progress. Metal hoops, instead of being struck, are often guided by a metal hook.〔''The boy's treasury of sports, pastimes, and recreations''. Samuel Williams, p.15.〕
==History==
A version of hoop rolling played as a target game is encountered as an ancient tradition among aboriginal peoples in many parts of the world. The game, known as hoop-and-pole, is ubiquitous throughout most of Africa. It is also found on other continents. In America, where it has been played by a great number of unrelated tribes and is known in English as hoop-and-stick or hoop-and-dart, the game has exhibited many variations of materials and size of implements and rules of play.〔Indian Games By Andrew McFarland Davis; p44-56〕 It is postulated that its wide distribution is a factor of the rich symbolical possibilities of the game, rather than indicating radial diffusion from a single center of invention.〔O. F. Raum, "The rolling target (hoop-and-pole) game in Africa - Egyptian accession rite or multiple ritual symbolism" in ''African Studies,'' Volume 12, Issue 3 September 1953 , pages 104 - 121〕
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